Poultry litter is an excellent, low-cost fertilizer if used properly. Land application of litter returns nutrients and organic matter to the soil, building soil fertility and quality. In addition to the macronutrients N, P, and K, poultry manure contains calcium, magnesium, sulfur, and micronutrients. Fresh chicken manure contains 0.5% to 0.9% nitrogen, 0.4% to 0.5% phosphorus, and 1.2% to 1.7 % potassium. One chicken produces approximately 8–11 pounds of manure monthly. Chicken manure can be used to create homemade plant fertilizer.
Poultry litter is usually applied as a fertilizer. Excessive land application of poultry litter can lead to surface water runoff of plant nutrients, which in turn can cause eutrophication of water reservoirs.
Vermicomposting can potentially add value to poultry litter. Vermicomposting involves the consumption and stabilization of organic matter by earthworms. Vermicomposting of poultry litter can produce value-added fertilizer and produce worms that could be sold as fish bait and a protein source. Although several studies have been conducted on vermicomposting, limited available data presents numerous challenges while vermicomposting poultry litter. High ammoniacal-nitrogen concentration, auto heating, and high bulk density are major concerns that need to be addressed during vermicomposting poultry litter.
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The final result of this process yields three types of products: